Ingeb



Dec) 25, l923 f 1,478,410

T. VON BAUER ET AL.

SOLE HEATED COKE OVEN 'Filed March 5, 1921 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Dec. 25, 1923.

T. VON BAUER ET AL SOLE HEATED COKE OVEN FiledMaroh 5. 1921 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 1 .m www W1 a www@ a @d n W W\\ .Hd MVQ W MM Dec. 25, 1923. 1,478A10 T. VON BAUER ET AL SOLE HEATED COKE OVEN Filed March 3, 1921 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 25 c @n :j g Ama/@nomin gg m www@ Patented Dec. 25, 1923.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

THEODOR VON BAUER, OF BUEGEL, TURINGEN, GERMANY, AND BERNHARD ZWIL'L- INGER, 0F NEW YORK, N. Y.; SAID VON BAUER SSG-NOR TO SAID ZW'ILLINGER, KLARA ZWILLINGER ADMINISTRATRIX OF SAID BERNHARD ZVILLINGER, DE-

CEASED.

SOLE-HEATED COKE OVEN.

Application led March 3, 1921.

To @ZZ whom t may cof/wem Be it known that we, Trrnonon voN BAUER and BERNHARD ZWILLINGER, citizens ot the Republic of Germany and the United States, respectively, residing at Burgel, Turingen, Germany, and 520 West 188th Street, New York, New York, respectively, have invented new and useful Improvements in Sole-Heated O'oke Ovens, of which the following is a specilication.

This invention relates to a sole-heated coke oven preferably with side wall heating and with by-product recovery and has for its objects to improve the construction of the oven, to preheat the air for combustion to a higher degree than heretofore, thus increasing the quantity of surplus gas produced; to provide a more intense heat at both fronts of the oven so as to counterbalance the losses due to radiation of heat thru the oven doors; to changing the method of heating at will Jfrom a direct fired oven in which the products of distillation are used for heating the sole of the oven, without re- ,overing the by-products, to an oven with byproduct recovery, thus enabling the oven at will to be operated either directly or indirectly, the change over being made without alteration of the oven structure and in a very short time.

Other objects of the invention will appear from the following specification, the invention consisting in the novel features and construction of parts and their combination as hereinafter described.

Despite the progress which has been made in the development of the high and narrow by-product chambered oven, especially that resulting in the increase in tonnage, i. e. carbonizing large quantities in a comparatively short time, the modern by-product coke oven is encumbered with a number of substantial disadvantages. First of all its eiliciency in tonnage has led to great compleXity in the construction of the oven which in turn necessitates very large expenditures for material and labor and also increases the lost of operation and maintenance. Further-` Serial No. 449,444.

impossible owing to the fact that such expanding coke is liable to eopardize the oven structure so that certain coals can be used only in limited quantities and in a mixture vith shrinking coals, which again involves higher operating and initial costs. nasmuch, also, as in the production of crude gases the by-products are partly decomposed in the crevices formed between the shrinking coke and the highly heated side walls, the modern ley-product oven is lacking in etliciency in this direction.

For a considerable time, the endeavor has been made to carbonize coal not readily cokable and also to utilize the space within the oven chamber by exerting a pressure by mechanical means on the tops of the coal charges in these high and narrow ovens, but this endeavor has been without success. Even a heavy pressure exerted on a high coal column alie/cts the material to a small depth only and for this reason such attempts to compress the charge into a smaller space have been found unsatisfactory The present invention has for another object to eliminate these disadvantages as will appear more fully hereinafter.

Referring to the accompanying drawings vwhich form part ot this specification and in which like figures and characters refer to like parts,

Fig. l is a vertical section thru the oven chamber on line A--A of Figs. 2 and Il.

Fig. 2 is a horizontal section thru the coinbustion tlueg on line B-B of Fig. l and Fig. 4.

'F ig. 3 is a vertical section thru the side wall combustion line on line C-C of Fig. 2 and Fig. 4C.

Fig. t is a transverse vertical section on an enlarged scale on line D-D of Fig. l and Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a horizontal section on line lil-E or Fig. 3 and Fig. l showing the air supply conduits.

As shown in Figs. l, 2, and 8, the gas for heating the ovens which may come from the gasholder where it has been stored, after the lay-products have been removed from the gas, isled to gas mains l and 2 at'each end of the oven, there being a separate main for each end of the oven. From the gas main l the gas is led by means of branch pipes 3 and nozzles l to a gas collecting channel from which the gas mixed with heated air, as will presently be. described` passes into the combustion fines 6 underneath the sole of the oven chamber. The admission of thegas to the collecting` Ycross channel 5 and therefore to the sole flues, is regulated and Controlled by means of a series of valves 7, a series of the valves beinga preferably connected to a rod 8 which in turn is operated by the lever 9. In this way the actuation of the lever will simultaneously controla numberpof the gas valves. The gras main and valves lare preferably located in a pit but thelever is very accessibly located. and easily visible. U l

ln the, best embodiment of the invention use is made of a plurality of collecting'cross channels as for example two at. each end of the oven, separated from each other at the middle by a partition lO.

In, accordance with Lthe invention means are provided for highly heatingthe air yto he mined with the gas which mixture is then burnt in the combustion fines. The suction for drawingv the air and the waste gases thru and from the oven may be a stach or a ventilatin'g fan at the-discharge end of the flue s vstem (not shown).

the embodiment of the invention illustrated the air for heating the combustion :dues entersthe oven thru openings 11, thus passing into air supply conduits 1Q, one air supply conduit being' preferably arranged underneath each combustion flue. The air inlet opening maybe closed by means of a flap 13 and these flaps for the openings .may be connected by a crank shaft 14 as shown in Fig. .5, the shaft being operated bv a crank l5 at one end. The air for combus tion is preliminarily preheated in passing thru the air conduits 12 by the Aheat conducted from the lower part of the combustion flues, which heat would otherwise be morev or less lost in the ground. After such nreheatingtheair ascends thru vertical pass gewaj's i6 and passes into the heating tix/ ters i7. These heating twyers may be variously constructed and located. In the embodiment of the invention illustrated, one set of twyers form part of the structure constitutin the heating Hoor of the oven. The

.side twyers extend' underneath the side wall combustion fines. As shown, the Walls of the twyers of the oven bottom separate the combustion iues from `each other thus providing a plurality of separate and independent combustion fines forming a heating -loor parallel to each other and `extending in the direction of the lengthof the oven chamber vbeneath its sole. The heating door is of uniform thickness.A These tvvyer walls' formed of bricks 18 are 'provided at their outlet ends, adjacent the ends of the oven chambers, with one r more side outlets 19, and also with discharge outlets 20. Thru the side outlets 19 the heated air impiuges substantially Vat right angles upon the stream of incoming' for combustion andan intimate mixture of `das and air takes place, comparatively small quantities being mixed at a time resultinghowever in a thoro Aheating ofthe entire area. rl`he air having passed in rather thin streams thru the air twyer and being; subjected to the intense heat from both sides of the combus tion flues, will escape from the side outlets and from the discharge outlets in highly heated condition, which may exceedV one thousand degrees centigrade. rlhe heated air from the twyer passing thru its discharge outletEZO enters the collect-ingq front ,eas channel into which fresh lgas is fed from the gas mains l. thus producing a more intense heaty at the front ends of the oven, which is desirable in order to rconnterbalance the losses caused by the radiation of heat at the oven doors, thereby obtaining' a uniform heat thruout .the iioor of the oven, and tins producing,r a uniform quality of colring thruout the charge. y l

In the best embodiment Vof the invention the heating system for each oven chamber is divided into a plurality of groups so as to simplify the discharge of the waste `gases from the combustion fines and to reduce the number of valves used to control 'the heating fines at theirA discharge ends, thus regulating the draught by a smaller number of accessibly located valves than there are heating flues.

In the form of the invention illustrated, the heating floor flue system for each oven chamber is divided into four groups. A division wall 2l separates the tlues into two groups, one underneath the front and the other underneath the rear of the oven chamber, and each of said groups is divided into two subordinate sets by division Wall 22, thus forming four sets of flues to the right and'left of the central longitudinal axis of the oven chamber floor.

The side wall combustion fines form part of the said groups and sets of fines. The combustion fiues are connected at their ends to collecting channels 23, 9A, 25, 26 respectively. The collectingchannels 23 and 24e communicate with a short vertical flue 27 and the collecting channels 25 and 26 communicate with a short vertical flue 28. vertical fluesk27 and 28 discharge into the waste gas main 29 which is common to a bank or plurality of oven chambers. The Waste gas main is preferably located underneath the oven chambers andextends 'transversely thereof midway between the ends of the ovens. Slide valves slidingy in guide- WarysrO are provided for the vertical fines The Y o r cut otl or to regulate the discharge of the r ste gases and thus control the draft.

,Frein the waste inains 29 the products of combustion pass into chimney or to a suction tan (not shown). rlhe construction of the side heating walls of the oven is niore articularly illustrated in Fig. 3. The air 'lor Conil ustion passes thru the preheating passage which may be closed or regulated by va we 33 controlling the air inlet. This passage receives sonie heat trein the radiating oyen walls. roin the passage 32 the air by iii-ens ot short connecting passage 3l passes M 'o the air preheating passage 34e which receives its heat :trein the side wall combustion line the air passing into the combustion ine through one or incre openings 36, which may be placed as indicated or in the end wall ot the flue 34. The preheated air for combustion is iniXed with incoming gas in one ot two ways according vhether the oven is to be heated by the rect or by the direct method. lt heated troni the supply inains l, 2, the gas troni trese in ins passing through branch pipes 37 control 3d by valve box 38, the valves being e by handle 9. rlhe gas enters the nains "rein a gasliolder after it has ed trein the lay-products. rlhe fresh gas and air pass into the side wall combustion this by ineans of the orilice 89 and the openings respectively. The discharge ends ot the side wall combustion iiues coinnuiniccte with the waste inain 29 through conne ng passageways lO. These passageways communicate with the vertical YClues Qi'. 228 rad are opened and closed by the preyioiisl described slide valves 30.

T the. oven is to be fired by the direct d that is to say by crude gases coming fi the oven chamber, the adinisli'oin inains l and 2 1s stopped i1 the lever 9 and thus shutvalves. rl`he slide valves el,

:sed the opening to the combustion lines when the oven was operating on the did. are now inoved inwardly, thus o *ninunication with the inv,iainlien above the charge, inte the side wall passageiie combustion chambers of flues and of the bottoni oven. This communicaected by nieans of the vertical pasfev/av le in the side heating wall and the cross channel 5 at the iront ot the heating (i noo t ine stability of the side heating walls is improved and the distribution of the heat 3y the indirect inethod, the gas is taken in the side wall combustion flue is bettered by means of a row of staggered, binding stones 45 which connect the two 'races ot the combustion flue. 1n the application ot heat, the side walls will not only increase the heating surface ot the oven but will also assist in sliortening the time ot operetion and produce hard, dense coke on the sides of the charge.

1li/Then the horizontal slide 4:1 is opened and the gas nozzles el are closed the oven operated by the direct method tor the production of eolie only. lt will be observed that in addition to siinplicitv oit construction, ay considerable iiexibilityy ot' operation is obtained and a rapid change troni direct to indirect heating or vice versa is` possible and in fact without reconstructing the plant and without disturbing its construction in any way. By this quick, changeable control and operation ot the oven, coal or" wide difference of character can be carbonized in the saine oven so that the oven becomes combination oven which can be operated in either way. ln the event that the oven is charged with a coling coal low in volatiles, in which case it would prove unreniunerative to install a byproduct plant, or in case a rich volatile coal is being carbonized with recovery ot by-products and it is 'for any temporary reason preiterred to produce coke and heating and power only, the heating ott' the system is eii'ectef by the direct inethod.

The byproducts are discharged troni the oven chamber by suitable nieans. A tar niain inay be used, but the crude gas suction channels a6, et?, illustrated, preferred These will torni the subject niatter ot separate patent application. Each consists ot an arched culvert forming part oit the oven structure and extending` transversely over the oven chamber. llach is prorided with a horizontal passageway t8 coniniunicating by ineans ot vertical passageway 49 with the oven chamber 50. This vertical passageway is provided with a cai-,t iron slide valve 51 which may ,be inoved up and down by rack and pinion, so as to open and close coin- .inunication between the oven chamber andv the crude gas suction charnel. Froin the gas suction channel the gases pass to the condensing plant. The crude gas suction channels torni pant ot the ovens. They are made ot poor hea-f.` conducting material and are well protected from all sides against the influence ot the atn'iosphere. Condensation cannot take place within tnein, since they reniain hot and are not cooled, and therefore substantially the entire amount of crude gases from all the ovens is conducted to the condensation plant where the separation ot tar. ammonia, etc. is accomplished.

The oven sole is gas air tight. The joints between the fire bricks forming the sole are Vdisposed so that the expansion is taken care or' in each oven independently. The sole plates rest upon the twyer bricks. The latter have a solid topl and leave suilicient space for joints between the sole plates so that expansion can taire place in both length anl width. ril`he twy-er bricks are provided with tongues and grooves to prevent short circuiting oi' the air between the joints` The oven chamber is preferably constructed and crowned by two arches so as to give the oven a high stability. rl`he root is strong` partly due to its enclosure ot the crude chainiels and insulates the oven chaml er with respect Ito the surrounding atmosphere. lt is provided with the usual chargirni",v openings 52.

rllhe operation of the ovens will he clear. But because ofthe horizontal. charge, the charge may be coniipressed after leveling it in the usual way. Such compressions may talre place 'from iron rollers which can be either attached to the leveling machine or worked separately. rlhese iron rollers can be moved back and forth upon the coal charge, thus compressing it to a considerable degree, since the coal layer is comparatively speaking, of moderate thickness. The entire charge may thus be compressed, thereby increasing' not only the tonnage but also iinproving the quality or the colte.

The gases obtained from the oven are undecomposed and nnimpaired as to quality, yielding a higher candle power and more British thermal units than the average vertical oven. Lifting and lowering the doors is easy ot accomplishment owing to the low height oit the oven chamber. rlhe charge being dat, less breeze ig formed when the coke is discharged, and the operation ot quenching` is less diiiicult and more thoro in its effect.

llllhen charging the ovens, one may open the port to the side ilues and thus lead the crude gases into the tlues underneath the ovens, thus avoiding the smolre and disagreeable efl'ects ordinarily produced in other ovens, during the charging period.

l/Ve claim z' l. ln sole heated colte oven having an elongated, sealed. oven chamber, with doors it ioth ends and adapted to receive the in a horizontal layer, the combina- 'on ot a plurality combustion titles torinailoor for he "ng the oven chamber, 'jit'udinal and `.nsverse partitions sepai ing the combustion tlues into four groups, and two valves tor controlling the discharge outlets oit said groups and means lor supplying air and gas at both fronts ot the oven.

2. ln a sole heated colre oven adapted to receive the charge in a horizontal layer, the combination ot a plurality ot combustion tlues forming a floor ot uniform thickness ttor heating the oven, air prcheating twyers lying between adjacent tlues, means for supplying air and gas at both fronts ot the oven, to said tlues and twyers, longitudinal and transverse partitions separating the combustion lines into tour groups, and valves for controlling the discharge outv lets ot said groups.

3. .lin ay low chambered sole heated coke oven with sealed colring chamber, the combination ot a plurality of combustion dues torn'iing the Afloor of the oven, means ttor supplying air and gas :tor combustion to both fronts of the oven, longitudinal and transverse partitions separating the combustion tlues into tour groups, transverse waste gas collecting channel for cach group, arranged at the discharge level of said fines, ifertical tluesl leading to the collecting channels, a waste main communicating with said vertical rines and slides for controlling said vertical fines.

4L. ln a low-.chambered sole heated colre oven with a sealed, elongated colring chamber with doors at both ends, the combination ot a plurality or" combustion tlucs torming the floor of the oven chamber, longitudinal and transverse partitions separa-ting the combustion tlues into four groups, means for supplying air and gas at both Jfronts of the oven, and a waste main tor receiving the products oi" combustion from the combustion fines.

5. lin a sole. heated coke oven with a colzing chamber sealed against the admission ot' air, adapted to receive the charge in a horizontal layer, the combination ot a plurality -ol combustion llues tor heating the sole of the oven, a plurality of air supply conduits arranged in the base of the oven beneath the combustion fines, said conduits having open ends leading into the atmosphere, valves tor said conduits, levers for regulating the valves, air heating twyers between said combustion fines, passages connecting said air preheating passages with said twyers, said twyers being provided with ports tor discharging highly preheated air into the combustion tlues, and means tor supplying air and gas for combustion at both fronts of the oven.

6. ln a sole heated coke oven with a coking chamber sealed against the admission ot air and adapted to receive the charge in a horizontal layer, the combination of aplurality oit combustion tlues running lengthwise of the sole of the oven for heating it, a plurality of air supply conduits, arranged beneath the. combustion fines, one end ot said conduits being in communication with the atmosphere, air heating tvfyers arranged between said combustion iiues, said twyers communicating with said conduits and provided with a port for discharging preheated air into the combustion flues, and nieans for supplying air and gas for combustion at both fronts of the oven.

'7. In a sole heated coke oven with a colin ing chamber sealed against the admission of air and adapted to receive the charge in a horizontal layer, the combination of a plurality of combustion flues running lengthwise of the sole of the oven foi1 heating it, a plurality of air supply conduits arranged beneath the combustion fines, one end of said conduits being in communication with the atmosphere, air heating twyers having vertical sides which form the walls of the combustion flues, said twyers communicating with said conduits and provided with one or more ports for discharging preheated air into the combustion flues, and means for supplying air and gas for combustion at 'both fronts of the oven.

8. In a sole heated coke oven with a coking chamber sealed against the admission of air and adapted to receive the charge in a horizontal layer, the combination of a plui rality of combustion lues running lengthwise of the sole of the oven for heating it, partitions separating the combustion fines into a plurality of groups, a transverse waste gas collectin@r channel for each group, communicating with the combustion flues of the group, air heating twyers arranged between the combustion lues, said twyers communicating with the atmosphere and provided with one or more ports for discharging preheated air into the combustion flues, means for supplying gas to the combustion fines at both fronts of the oven and a waste main into which the products of combustion are discharged from the waste gas collecting channels.

9. In a low chambered sole heated coke oven provided with an oven chamber sealed against the admission of air, a heating floor for the sole of said oven comprising a plurality of combustion fines, means for supplying gas to said flues at both fronts of the oven, a plurality of air supply conduits arranged beneath the combustion flues, and having open ends leading into the atmos phere, valves for said conduits, a plurality of air twyers arranged between the combustion flues and communicating with said conduits, the walls of the twyers being formed of hollow bricks, the bricks at the discharge end of the twyers being provided with one or more ports for discharging air into the adjacent combustion flues, said air ports for adjacent flues being staggered with relation to each other.

10. In a low chambered sole heated coke oven provided with an oven chamber sealed against the admission of air and adapted to receive the charge in a horizontal layer, the combination of an oven chamber, a discharge main for the 1Lay-products, said oven chamber provided with one or more ports rality of combustion fines running lengtefor delivering gases directly to the combustion ilues, a plurality of combustion fines forming the sole of the oven, side wall combustion fines for the sides of the oven, passages connecting said sole nues with the side flue, a passageway connecting said port or ports with the side combustion fines, a `valve for said passageway and means for supply ing air and gas to the combustion from both fronts of the oven, whereby the oven may be operated either directly or indirectly.

11. In a sole heated colte oven with a ooking chamber sealed against the of air and adapted to receive the cha horizontal layer, the combination rality of combustion iiues running lengthwise of the sole of the oven for heating it, air heating twyers having vertical sides which form the walls of the coiiilustion fines, said twyers provided with one or more ports for discharging preheated air into the combustion luesn ano ,Y supplying air and gas for combustion at c 1h fronts of the oven.

12. In a sole heated colte oven with a coliH ing chamber sealed against the admission of air and adapted to receive the charge in a horizontal layer, the combination of a plurality of combustion fines rumiing lengtha wise of the sole of the oven for heati it, a transverse partition for separating the fines into groups., each group shorter than the length of the oven, air heating twyers having vertical sides which vform the walls of the combustion flues, said twyers provided with one or `more ports discha c, ing preheated air into the combustion rines, and means for supplying air andv for combustion at both fronts of the oven,

13. In a sole heated colte oven with a colo ing chamber sealed against admission of air and adapted to receive the charme in a horizontal layer, the combination of a p wise of the sole of the oven for heating it, air heating twyers having verticai sides which form the walls of the combustion flues, said twyers providee with one or more ports for discharging preheated air into the combustion iines, transverse gas collecting channels at each front of the oven, and means for supplying air and gas for combustion at both fronts of the oven.

14. In a sole heated colte oven adapted to receive the charge in a horizontal layer, the combination of a plurality of combustion liues forming a floor for heating the oven, means for supplying air` and gas at both fronts of the ovens to said flues, and means communicating with the oven chambers above the charge for leading the distilled gases to said fiues at both fronts of the oven when it is desired to operate the oven directly.

l5. In a sole heated coke oven having an uelongated oven chamber adapted to receive the charge in a horizontal layer, a plomb ity of combustion ues forming a floor fol' heating the oven, Cross-channels at both fronts of the oven communicating with said THEODOR VON BAUER. combustion flues, and means for supplying BERNHARD ZWILLINGER.

air and gas to the heating 'Hnos and to said cross-channe1s, at both fronts of the even.

In testimony whereof`r We Vhave signed our 10 names to this specification. 

